İzmir
This is a standard course book of Turkish that is used in various universities and other institutions. It follows CEFR (Common European Framework) and offers various levels from A1 to C1.
It's units are designed for classroom instruction, but suitable for self learning too.
My favorite part about this book is it to be fortified with a variety of reading texts. These texts are very useful but not yet popular with Turkish books yet.
I strongly recommend this book for those who can only have one shot. (shipping restrictions etc.) You have one set for your level (ders kitabı and çalışma kitabı) and you will have most of your needs covered.
Türkiye'ye hoş geldiniz (Welcome to Turkey)
This book targets people who are moved to Turkey with absolute beginner level. It breaks down every single rule you need and explains it like a personal instructor. It has parallel texts (directly translated text bits) to improve understanding. With the dialogues, it has everything you need covered as a newcomer. It comes with CEFR A1-A2+ levels which is nice to handle day-to-day situations and more.
You can access the book from this link : https://www.turiku.com/
İstanbul
This book is one of the most common and comprehensive course books made for Turkish. It targets older teens and adults and has a slightly more strict approach than others.
It follows a 4 skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing) balance. It is made for classroom learning but also suitable for self learning too.
It is very good for those who are interested in Turkish for academic purposes and proficiency examinations.
Take away Turkish
A mini/giant book with vocabulary, dialogues and grammar rules. Specially designed for tourists but can be used by anyone. Lessons are organized and ordered in a needs-based manner. In every unit, there are situations/places. As you are going through the unit, you are given a list of words, a structure and some phrases to use in that kind of situations. Then, there is a dialogue that you can practice the language. By its nature, every situation is different, so every unit of this book is uniquely designed for each situation. Behind the book there is a grammar appendix so you can see all the grammar at one place. Very suitable for learners A1-A2 levels with all kinds of purposes.
Yedi İklim Türkçe
This one is my personal favorite. This is the optimum classroom/private instruction book for teens and adults. It has 4 skills balance with sections for different points. It has very simple instruction for the basic levels. You can follow CEFR A1-C2 with this set.
Yunus Emre Enstitüsü (one of the leading schools of Turkish, and my favorite) has other books for different ages and needs.
You can use this link to learn more about it.
https://www.yee.org.tr/tr/yayin/yedi-iklim-turkce-a1-ders-kitabi
Bonus: Dem Turkish
Whichever book you have, you may have a need to supplement one or two points. In that case, Dem Turkish is your solution. Technically, this is not a book. This is a website you can download mini booklets that fits to your needs.
Here is the link: https://www.demturkishcenter.com/